Your old Surface Laptop 5 supported DisplayPort MST (daisy chaining) via Intel graphics.
The Snapdragon/Qualcomm platform generally does NOT support MST daisy chaining the same way—so only one external display works in that chain, exactly like you’re seeing.
Use independent video outputs (no daisy chain):
Laptop > Dock > Monitor 1 (HDMI/DP) > Monitor 2 (2nd HDMI/DP)
Each monitor must connect directly to the dock, not through each other
Use both ports on the dock.
Use DisplayLink Dock.